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With the Regional Law 43/1974 (Provisions for the Protection and Development of Forests), the Lazio region of Italy has imposed a severe ban on the silvicultural management of some forest areas, even if they were located outside o...
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With the Regional Law 43/1974 (Provisions for the Protection and Development of Forests), the Lazio region of Italy has imposed a severe ban on the silvicultural management of some forest areas, even if they were located outside of protected areas. Regional legislators assumed that doing so would increase the capacity of forests to provide goods and services and it would create new natural forests. Over 30 yr after the adoption of R.L. 43/1974, this forest preservationist policy has been analyzed. The study involves a sample of sites under the 43/1974 regime, representative of the Lazio forest heritage. Through questionnaires submitted to forest owners and a multidisciplinary panel, a matrix of effectiveness valuation has been built. Three aspects were investigated: (a) the management of forest farms, (b) the state of the forests, and (c) the effects on multifunctionalforestry. Recommendations are presented in the Conclusion section if, in the future, regional policymakers would like to come up touse again forestry preservation policy.
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Pakistan has very low forest cover, but these forests are very diverse in nature and of significant importance for the livelihood security of millions of rural people who live in and around these forests. Policies, institutions an...
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Pakistan has very low forest cover, but these forests are very diverse in nature and of significant importance for the livelihood security of millions of rural people who live in and around these forests. Policies, institutions and processes form the context within which individuals and households construct and adapt livelihood strategies, on the other hand these institutionally shaped livelihood strategies may have an impact on the sustainability of natural resource use. The present paper aims to critically analyse the forest policies of Pakistan. Implications for sustainable forest management and livelihood security of forest dependent people are also given. The first forest policy of Pakistan was announced in 1955 followed by the forest policies of 1962, 1975, 1980, 1988 as part of the National Agricultural Policy, 1991, and the latest in 2001. Most of the forest policies were associated with the change of government. There was much rhetoric in some recent policies regarding the concept of "participation" and "sustainable livelihoods" but in practice these policies are also replica of the previously top-down, autocratic and non-participatory forest policies. Pakistan needs to develop a sustainable, workable, research-based, and people-friendly forest policy enable to catering to the changing needs of stakeholders including government..
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Forest research has a solid track record in Ireland, going back to the 1950s. The scope of forest research has expanded in the intervening years, due mainly to a growing awareness of the environmental role and impact of forests. A...
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Forest research has a solid track record in Ireland, going back to the 1950s. The scope of forest research has expanded in the intervening years, due mainly to a growing awareness of the environmental role and impact of forests. As new forest establishment is funded largely by the state, forest research needs to play a strong role in supporting and obtaining a return on national investment.Forest research meets society's needs when it contributes to policy aims being met, insofar as the policy goals are well established and articulated. The general purpose is to provide guidance to policy makers and practitioners through scientifically-based, timely and well-communicated information.Forest research has a significant time dimension, which needs to be recognised in funding arrangements, expertise and application of results. A weakness of project-based funding is the difficultly in providing for continuity of expertise and informationtransfer. To address this issue, research programmes dealing with well-defined areas could be funded on a recurring basis, subject to performance, and based in third-level or existing national research establishments.Continuing and assured investment (state and private) in research is necessary to grow, harvest and process wood and other forest products in*a sustainable and competitive way. Gross expenditure on research and development in Ireland in 2008 was EllR2.6bn, or 1.68% of GNP. In the same year total investment in forest R&D was EllR11.2 million, or 0.57% of the GNP contribution of the sector. Investment in research and development in the forest sector, therefore, lags well behind the rest of the economy.Effective dissemination of research findings to policy makers and practitioners is of fundamental importance to nationally-funded programmes.'Meeting society's needs through the uptake of forest research outputs occurs in three main areas: policy, practice and products, and standards.
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In this paper, interpretations of sustainable forestry are investigated against the historical background of transformations in the industrial utilisation of forests. Three distinct forest policy regimes in Finland since the 19th ...
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In this paper, interpretations of sustainable forestry are investigated against the historical background of transformations in the industrial utilisation of forests. Three distinct forest policy regimes in Finland since the 19th century are identified. First, the introduction of the German forestry model, with the central notion of sustained yield, and the establishment of the Finnish Forest Service took place simultaneously in the latter half of the 19th century. These actions aimed at changing patterns of local forest use considered detrimental to long-term forest utilisation. Second, a national forest sector was established during the 20th century. Industrial forestry was seen as a guarantee of economic independence for the new nation-state. Third, during a recent phase the influence of non-governmental organisations and international forest industry companies has increased, and traditional power relations have changed as issues such as biodiversity, forest certification and global investments have been introduced to the debates. It is concluded that the recent transformations in forest management should be read as transformations in industrial forestry rather than as abandonment of industrial forest use models; the legacy of the 19th century German forest science still prevails in forest management.
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Three papers describe different aspects of the reform of the forestry service in Bayern, Germany, including its structure and activities since 1 July 2005; activities, structure and prospects for the LWF; and the establishment of ...
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Three papers describe different aspects of the reform of the forestry service in Bayern, Germany, including its structure and activities since 1 July 2005; activities, structure and prospects for the LWF; and the establishment of the 'Bayerische Staatsforsten' [Federal State forest enterprise]..
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To implement policies about sustainable forest management (SFM), different international and national concepts have appeared. The Polish Promotional Forest Complex (PFC) concept was introduced in the 1990s. We analysed the emergen...
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To implement policies about sustainable forest management (SFM), different international and national concepts have appeared. The Polish Promotional Forest Complex (PFC) concept was introduced in the 1990s. We analysed the emergence of this concept, its objectives and establishment, and its perceived outcomes on the ground. We conducted a literature review and sent out a questionnaire to all forest management units involved with the established 19 PFCs in Poland. The results indicate that the management in PFCs largely satisfied its objectives. However, in the context of SFM, this management was unbalanced to the advantage of the ecological dimension while paying little attention to either social or economic sustainability. This finding correlated with the SFM principle not being clearly defined in the policies for the PFC concept. Our results thus indicate that PFCs became neither pioneers in implementing pro-ecological forestry nor exemplary models for other Polish forests. We conclude that sustainable development as a process towards the goal of sustainability in countries in transition requires time and a change in attitudes among stakeholders that reflect both SFM policy and the transition from government to governance.
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In recent decades the concept of 'governance' as interdependent coordination of actors as well as the normative concept of 'good governance' have increasingly influenced international forest policy, to varying degrees. Using the t...
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In recent decades the concept of 'governance' as interdependent coordination of actors as well as the normative concept of 'good governance' have increasingly influenced international forest policy, to varying degrees. Using the three dimensions of multi-actor, multi-sector and multi-level governance to analyse key aspects of governance in the follow-up of global policy after the UNCED conference in 1992, this paper shows that 'multi-actor governance' has received considerable attention in international forest policy, mainly through promoting national forest programs. Global forest policy initiatives were less able to develop concepts to address and improve 'multi-sector governance' and 'multi-level governance', although these two dimensions of governance are particularly relevant for local levels. A number of major international forest policy initiatives, both public and private, have also focused on improving various dimensions of 'good governance'. A review of the degree to which these international governmental initiatives have been transposed and applied at the local or regional level reveals a major gap between concepts and forest policy initiatives developed and promoted at international and national levels and their application at the regional and local levels. This calls for better concepts addressing in particular the 'multi-level' dimension of governance in order to improve connectivity between these levels. A range of governance change approaches can be applied, including adjusting modes of interaction, instruments and institutions.
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Forest administration in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, was restructured in 2005 and an overview is presented of its current portfolio and future prospects..
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Having studied the state of innovations in the Russian forest sector and around the world, the article considers the main challenges of innovation integration both on the national and global scale. Major focal areas of forest sect...
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Having studied the state of innovations in the Russian forest sector and around the world, the article considers the main challenges of innovation integration both on the national and global scale. Major focal areas of forest sector innovations are introduced. The central issues hampering innovation component development of the sector, and possible prospects for innovative development of the Russian forest sector are described based on relevant documentation on the development of the Forest Policy of the Russian Federation.
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